Tour de France Drug Abuse - 4890 Words

The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. To begin with, in Europe until the 1998 scandal occurred, despite a few exceptions, cycling was considered a drug free sport. The 1998 drug scandal tarnished the Tour de France and the reputation and image of other sports. The media response to the scandal took differing positions on what should be done next to clean up cycling. The scandal also affected advertisements, sales, and without question the 1999 Tour and Lance Armstrong. Since even the most naà ¯ve fan no longer trusts the cyclists,†¦show more content†¦Without that backing, the Tour and cycling would struggle awkwardly. If the war against drugs is not waged and won, a sport which has enjoyed a quantum leap in popularity could be plunged in a dark era particularly be cause of its tarnished reputation in 1998. (Velo-News 197) To avoid that dark era, Tour de France director general Jean-Marie Leblanc is taking a tough stand against the cheaters. In an interview with the Paris daily, France-Soir, Leblanc said, In the future I would not let a team start the Tour which had had a positive drug test in the weeks preceding the race (Velo-News 198). He was referring to Festina rider Christophe Moreau, who started this years Tour, despite testing positive for an anabolic steroid five weeks earlier (Velo-News 198). Nowadays, everybody is concerned and affected by performance boosting drugs. The British newspaper, The Daily Telegraph, interviewed ordinary cyclists who train at a 5km circuit near central Paris. One rider Jean Liguez said, Drug taking is an open secret. There are some old cyclists of 70 or 80 years of age who take substances from time to time just to get around a bit quicker. Equally, there are young kids who are not fully formed physically, who are also taking things. Thats worrying (Velo-News 198). The New York Times of August 3 delineated the new French law, saying it would take drug controls out of the hands of all sports federations and put them under theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Tour de France Drug Abuse4746 Words   |  19 Pages The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. To begin with, in Europe until the 1998 scandal occurred, despite a few exceptions, cycling was considered a drug free sport. The 1998 drug scandal tarnished the Tour de France and the reputation and image of other sports. The media response to the scandalRead MoreEnhancing Drugs And Its Impact On Academic Integrity Statements At Colleges881 Words   |  4 Pagesstatements at colleges. In sports the use of performance-enhancing drugs is considered cheating and is a universally accepted rule. The Tour de Fr ance is a bicycle race that tests bikers’ abilities to bike around France without any outside help. Lance Armstrong was stripped of his seven titles of the Tour de France when he admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs. Similar reasoning should be applied to using neuro-enhancing drugs illicitly in college. The illicit use of Adderall has a negativeRead MoreAnabolic Steroids : Use And Performance Enhancing Drugs1516 Words   |  7 Pagesperformance enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids has been a debatable topic in the United States as early as the 1950’s. Former U. S. 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When oxygen levels are too low, EPO is released and stimulates the bone marrow to produce more redRead MoreInformative Speech On Steroids717 Words   |  3 Pagestypes of steroids but Im going to talk about Anabolic steroids which are most commonly used by athletes. Sub-point A: According to an article on CESAR, a website filled with university-based research addressing issues related to alcohol and other drugs, last updated on Tuesday, October 29, 2013, a group of scientists in the early 1930’s created a lab made form of testosterone to treat men who weren’t able to produce enough of it. Sub-point B: American physician Dr. Zeigler created a more selectiveRead MoreSteroids As Dangerous Illegal Substances1229 Words   |  5 Pageseverything to safeguard him first place in the tour de France races but ultimately lost his seven fold winner title. When allegation were put forward his response was a product of meticulous rebuttals and elaborate lies. 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Final Study Guide †Eco/372 Free Essays

ECO/372 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide prepares you for the Final Examination you complete in the last week of the course. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. Highlight the correct response, and then refer to the answer key at the end of this Study Guide to check your answers. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Study Guide – Eco/372 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Use each week’s questions as a self-test at the start of a new week to reflect on the previous week’s concepts. When you come across concepts that you are unfamiliar with, refer to the Student Guide for that particular week. Week One: Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Objective: Explain the economic interaction of resources among households, government, and businesses. 1. Which group has ultimate control over the U. S. economy? a. Business b. Households c. Multinationals d. Government 2. When a government intervenes in an economy in a way that influences the relationship between households and businesses, it is a. serving as an economic actor b. serving as an economic referee c. serving the public good d. reducing social welfare by interfering with the invisible hand Objective: Describe gross domestic product, inflation rate, unemployment rate, and interest rate. . Per capita real output would most likely increase if a. both real GDP and population increase b. both real GDP and population decrease c. real GDP increases and population decreases d. real GDP decreases and population increases 4. In 2006, U. S. real GDP increased by 3. 3 percent. Based on this information, we can infer that the U. S. experienced a. a recession in 2006 b. an expansion in 2006 c. a depression in 2006 d. a trough in 2006 Objective: Identify sources of historical economic data and economic forecasts. 5. The Bureau of Economic Analysis is responsible for which of the following? a. Setting interest rates b. Managing the money supply c. Calculating U. S. gross domestic product d. Paying unemployment benefits. 6. The Federal Reserve will most likely _______ the money supply when the economy is experiencing a recession a. increase b. decrease c. stabilize d. manage Week Two: Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Objective: Analyze the impact of various factors on aggregate demand and supply. 7. The AD curve a. will shift as much as the initial shift factor when the multiplier is greater than one b. will shift by more than initial shift factor when the multiplier is greater than one c. ill shift by less than the initial shift factor due to leakages d. could shift by more or less than the initial shift factor 8. Theparadox paradox of thrift occurs when a. an increase in saving raises output b. an increase in saving reduces output c. saving is unrelated to output d. a decrease in saving reduces output 9. Suppose output exceeds potential output and a contractionary fisca l policy is enacted. According to the AS/AD model, in the long run, this fiscal policy will produce   a. a lower output level and a lower price level than would otherwise have occurred b. lower price level than would otherwise have occurred c. a lower output level than would otherwise have occurred d. neither a lower price level nor a lower output level than would otherwise have occurred 10. According to the AS/AD model, an expansionary monetary policy a. increases interest rates, raises investment, and increases income b. decreases interest rates, raises investment, and increases income c. increases interest rates, reduces investment, and decreases income d. decreases interest rates, reduces investment, and decreases income Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of changes in fiscal policies using Keynesian and Classical models 11. According to Keynes, the economy could become stuck at a low income level if   a. declines in aggregate demand and aggregate supply reinforce one another b. declines in aggregate demand are not accompanied by declines in aggregate supply c. declines in aggregate supply are not accompanied by declines in aggregate demand d. aggregate demand and aggregate supply are independent of one another 12. The Classical economists argued that: a. market economy will not experience unemployment. b. if unemployment occurs, it will cure itself because wages and prices will fall. c. aggregate expenditures may be too low. d. if inflation occurs it will cure itself because prices, wages, and interest rates will rise. Week Three: Monetary Policy Objective: Assess the factors contributing to the establishment of general and specific rates of interest. 13. When the Federal Reserve targets a high er interest rate, this change in policy involves open market   a. purchases of government securities that reduced reserves b. urchases of government securities that increased reserves c. sales of government securities that reduced reserves d. sales of government securities that increased reserves 14. When the Federal Reserve sells bonds, the a. Federal funds rate increases b. reserve requirement falls c. discount rate increases d. discount rate decreases Objective: Explain the role of the Federal Reserve System in designing and implementing U. S. monetary policies. 15. Who buys and sells in the Federal Reserve funds market? a. Commercial banks and depository institutions b. Large financial institutions c. Financial institutions and large corporations d. Anyone with a computer and an Internet connection can participate 16. The Federal fund rate is always _______ compared to the discount a. higher b. lower c. equal d. comparable Objective: Analyze how the money multiplier effect facilitates the creation of money. 17. If the multiplier effect is 4, a $15 billion increase in government expenditures will shift the AD curve   a. to the right by $15 billion b. to the left by $15 billion c. to the right by $60 billion d. to the left by $60 billion 18. Suppose the money multiplier in the U. S. s 4. If the Federal Reserve wants to expand the money supply by 600 it should:   a. buy government securities worth 150. b. buy government securities worth 600. c. sell government securities worth 150. d. sell government securities worth 600. Week Four: Fiscal Policy: Politics, Deficits, and Debt Objective: Analyze the influence of deficit, surplus, and debt on the health of the U. S. macroeconomy. 1 9. When the government runs a deficit, it will a. buy bonds to finance the deficit b. sell bonds to finance the deficit c. reduce the money supply to finance the deficit d. raise taxes immediately 0. Deficits may be desirable in the short run if they a. help to stabilize the economy when the economy falls below potential output b. increase savings necessary for future investment and growth c. increase savings necessary for future consumption and demand d. help to stabilize the economy when the economy is above potential output 21. The structural deficit a. rises as the economy expands and falls when it contracts b. falls as the economy expands and rises when it contracts c. changes as actual income changes regardless of potential income d. oes not change when income changes, but changes only when potential income changes 22. Government debt is defined as a. a shortfall of incoming revenue under outgoing payment b. a shortfall of outgoing payments under incoming revenue c. accumulate d deficits minus accumulated surpluses d. accumulated deficits plus accumulated surpluses Week Five: International Trade and Finance Objective: Analyze the effects of international trade on the U. S. macroeconomy. 23. According to comparative advantage, specialization means that a country is producing the goods   a. that it wants to consume b. or which it has a relatively high opportunity cost c. for which it has a relatively low opportunity cost d. that it can produce at zero cost 24. Globalization represents a. a return to isolationism b. the opposite of isolationism c. the economic complement of political isolationism d. the political complement of economic isolationism 25. If the U. S. wants to strengthen the value of the dollar, it should use a. contractionary fiscal policy b. expansionary fiscal policy c. contractionary monetary policy d. expansionary monetary policy 26. Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in the upply of dollars? a. An expansionary fi scal policy that raised U. S. income and increased U. S. imports b. An expansionary fiscal policy that raised U. S. income and reduced U. S. imports c. A contractionary fiscal policy that reduced U. S. income and lowered U. S. imports d. A contractionary fiscal policy that reduced U. S. income and increased U. S. imports Objective: Explain how foreign exchange rates are determined. 27. Suppose a basket of goods costs 60,000 pesos in Mexico. If, at the existing exchange rate, it costs less than 60,000 pesos to buy the same basket of goods in the U. S. , then purchasing power parity implies that the a. dollar is overvalue b. peso is undervalue c. dollar should cost fewer pesos d. dollar should cost more pesos 28. If a basket of goods costs $10 in the U. S. and 100,000 rubles in Russia, then purchasing power parity will exist if the exchange rate between the ruble and the dollar is   a. 1,000 rubles per dollar b. 10,000 rubles per dollar c. 0. 01 dollars per ruble d. 0. 1 dollars per ruble Objective: Analyze the impact of trade restrictions, tariffs, and quotas on the U. S. macroeconomy. 29. A quota differs from a tariff in that quotas a. imit the volume of imports more than tariffs b. do not increase the price of imports as much as tariffs c. do not generate tax revenues, unlike tariffs d. reduce consumer welfare more than tariffs 30. Threats to put tariffs on a nation in an attempt to get that nation to reduce its restrictions on trade are called: a. strategic trade policies b. trade adjustment assistance programs c. learning by doing d. inertia and cachet Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. b 10. b 11. a 12. b 13. c 14. a 15. a 16. b 17. c 18. a 19. b 20. a 21. d 22. c 23. c 24. b 25. c 26. a 27. d 28. b 29. c 30. a How to cite Final Study Guide – Eco/372, Papers

Effects of Garbage free essay sample

The Effects of Garbage Humans have always had an impact on their surroundings. Whatever we do to our environment, it will always have a payback when the time comes. Waste disposal is one of the biggest problems that the world is facing. In man’s everyday life, he produces waste materials which, if not properly managed, can lead to health and environmental problems. Men throw their garbage everywhere not knowing what effects could it brings in the future. Garbage provides one of the most disastrous effects on nature. As much as the global population continues to rise, people have become more  wasteful and the products of modern convenience such as plastics have rendered the earth a  dumping ground for non biodegradable refuse. Nowadays, our environment is polluted and it is all caused by us human beings. The pollution occurs everywhere either in developed countries or even undeveloped countries. In Zamboanga City, the city local government thru city ordinance no. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Garbage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2-013 has designated a dumping site at Barangay Lumbangan for all garbages and solid wastes collected from the city. An ordinance prescribing guidelines to regulate the mode of operation of the city garbage collection system. It is on this consideration that the study had been undertaken to determine the effect of the garbage dumping in Lumbangan as perceived by the residents of the said baranggay. Disposal of solid wastes has been a perennial problem of our government but also of the community. The city government of Zamboanga in compliance with the mandate of Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 200, and considering various guidelines and memorandums issued by both the Department of Environment and Department of Interior and Local Government has completed a City Solid Waste Management Plan, which is expected to be fully implemented to conform with the deadlines set for the purpose.

Psychological Effects of Burglary an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Psychological Effects of Burglary Burglary is regarded as an act of breaking ones house with intent to steal properties. This is what in short is referred to as housebreaking. As per the definition given by Bartol (211), "Burglary is the unlawful entry of a structure, with or without force with intent to commit a theft or other felony." Though burglary mostly occurs to houses, it is not only limited to that as it also occurs to vehicles. This act of crime is very common in America and it is estimated that about four million Americans become victims of burglary in each year. Apart from victims losing properties, burglary causes psychological effects to the victims and it is for this purpose that this paper will specifically focus on these psychological effects. Need essay sample on "Psychological Effects of Burglary" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Although burglary in the United States is mostly classified as property crime, it is also sometimes regarded as interpersonal crime because there are serious psychological effects that are associated with it. According to studies that have been done on the subject, it is clear that burglary victims apart from experiencing property loss they also feel psychologically traumatized. Invasion of ones property, sanctity and privacy of ones homestead brings stress and discomfort to the victims and may take ages to recover (Smith, and. Meyer, 1998). There are people who refer to burglary as home rape especially where the burglar gains access to ones private items such as diaries, photographs and letters. The level of distress arising from this is big and it becomes even more pronounced if the invasion is extended to other private sectors of the house such as closets, bedroom, desks, bathroom and chest of drawers where materials containing personal items could be found. There are cases where burglars after committing the crime leave notes and make anonymous calls indicating that the invasion is not over and that they will be back. In such a case, the anger that the victims experience quickly turns into fear and if this persists it causes stress which in turn results to depression (Clarke, 2002). Thinking constantly about how burglars would break into ones house again affects ones thinking process and victims become terrified to an extent that everything they do revolves around their security. These people could be seen upgrading some security gadgets such as door locks, putting stronger gates, installing security lights and alarms (Bartol, 211) Our Customers Often Tell EssayLab support: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online? Essay writers advise: If You Think About Someone To Write Your Paper - Essaylab The Right Place! Essay Writing Services Pay For Essay Cheap Custom Essay Writing Service Academic Paper Writing Services According to a study that was done by the United Nations Human Settlements Program (2007), it was revealed that of all people who are victimized by buglers forty percent of them become traumatized while the same report shown that sixty eight percent of those who experienced either burglary or burglary attempts became angry to an extent that they could not think straight. These victims say that shock, fear, and lack of sleep are common experiences to them. Psychological effects associated with burglaries are as serious as those that results from violent crimes like robbery and assaults. According to Prenzler and Townsley (1996), even in cases where monetary value of goods stolen is not big, any act of burglary however mild, is enough to cause psychological consequences that can last for about one year. The affected persons whose sentimental and instrumental valuables have been stolen or interfered with feel insecure, become depressed and may lack sleep for days something that concurs with the findings of the United Nations Human Settlements Program's survey. In short, breaking into ones house has some consequences such as property loss and psychological effects but for the sake of this paper, it is psychological effects that have been discussed. There are serious psychological effects that burglary victims are subjected to once such an act happens to them. These people become traumatized and constantly live in fear and in some cases they become depressed. Also shock and sleep loss are common symptoms to them. References: Bartol, Curt R. 2004. Introduction to forensic psychology. SAGE. Clarke, R.V. 2002. Burglary of Retail Establishments. Guide No. 15. Available at http://www.popcenter.org/Problems/burglary_retail/ Prenzler, T and Townsley, M. 1996. Preventing Burglary. School of Justice Administration, Griffith University. Smith, Steven R. Meyer, Robert G. 1988. Law, Behavior, and Mental Health: Policy and Practice. NYU Press. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2007. Enhancing Urban Safety and Security: Global Report on Human Settlements 2007. Earthscan.

The Change Essays - Startup Cult, Chitto Harjo, Free Essays

The Change Essays - Startup Cult, Chitto Harjo, Free Essays The Change Essay In this essay I am supposed to discuss a project or activity that best represents me. I thought about this for a while, and I decided I would talk about my piano lessons. My parents didnt make me take them, and I didnt take them because it was just something to do. There is a lot behind the story. About a year and a half ago, I suffered an injury that put me out of basketball for 6 months. To me, it was the end of the world. Basketball was supposed to be my future. It was what I thought I was going to do. It was my life. Everything I did centered around it, and I wanted to be the best at it. I was on top of my game, and the next minute I was watching everyone else play from the bench. I would get angry and frustrated, and wonder why it happened to me. I was out for the whole summer, and that affected my game a lot. I went out for basketball the next season, but I didnt do very well. I was irritated at how inefficiently I was playing. After the season got over, I knew I would have to make a big decision. A decision that would, perhaps, affect the rest of my life. I had to determine if I wanted to continue with basketball, or pursue other things I wanted to do. I considered how unhappy basketball was making me, and how I wished I could do other things. Following a lot of thought , I came to the decision that I would stop playing basketball. Most everyone was devastated, but I think it was the right choice. After my resolve to quit basketball, I took time to think of things I enjoy doing. I loved to sing, and I loved music. This led me to take piano lessons. I have only been taking them for eight months, but I have found a deep love of music I never knew I had. I have learned so much about myself, and what it is I actually want to do with my life. I have worked diligently, and I have progressed a considerable amount. I have a passion for this new activity that surprises me. It feels like I cant learn enough, or play enough. I believe I like piano so much, because I knew it was what I wanted to do. I did have to sacrifice something I thought I loved, but I found out I loved doing something else. From this experience, I learned that you cant always expect things to be the way they are now. People change, and circumstances are always changing. I still am very angry that I ever got an injury, but I believe it helped me to find something that I love. I would have never got the chance to play piano if I hadnt had that injury. There will be many tough decisions in life, and youve got to trust in yourself when you make them. Youre the one who will live with it. Because after all, we make our decisions, and our decisions turn around and make us.

Asthma Outline Essay

A respiratory viral infection plays a major role in important aspects of asthma and its exacerbation; which is nearly associated for about 80% of overall respiratory condition. Viral pathogen associated with wheezing includes Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza, and coronavirus (Busse & Lemanske. 2010). Rhinovirus is associated with common colds that may cause sore throat, sinus infection, ear infection and to some degree of bronchiolitis and pneumonia (American†¦ Asthma Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide characterized by the inflammation of the bronchial smooth muscles. In the past 20 years, the incidence of asthma, especially in children, has increased (Wong et al., 2009). Inflammatory and structural changes of asthma in the airways lead to narrowing of the airway, edema as increased mucus production and bronchoconstriction. While bronchoconstriction plays a key role in asthma, more emphasis has recently been placed on the inflammatory†¦ Asthma is oftentimes overlooked or brushed to the side when talking about disabilities, especially when it comes to discussing disabilities among school children. Due to modern medicine and an increased knowledge about the disease, those affected by it are often able to live normal healthy lives. Despite being treatable, asthma is not a disease that should be taken lightly. Boushey & Fahy state that asthma wasn’t considered a severe disease until the 1960’s when several asthmatic deaths took place†¦ pathophysiology of asthma. Asthma occurs when a patient’s airway becomes narrow, swells and produces excess mucus. The patients’ breathing becomes labored and causes shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. Asthma may be minor for some patients, but for others it may cause severe complications. Asthma may also interfere with activities of daily living and in some instances can be life threatening. Asthma is not curable, but the symptoms can be managed with medications. Overtime, asthma may change and†¦ million individuals worldwide suffering from asthma (WHO 2006). It is expected by the year 2025 there will an additional 100 million persons diagnosed with asthma. As the prevalence of this non-communicable disease continues to rise there must me methods implemented to control and monitor. It is with this foundation that a needs assessment was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of the Princess Margaret Hospital in Nassau, Bahamas. Uncontrolled asthma places an enormous strain on individuals’†¦ Asthma is such a common disease. For instance, a negative response to an emotional stress can cause an asthma attack (Mark 1007). Have you actually seen someone have an asthma attack? It is the scariest thing because you cannot do anything about it. They say that there are no cures for asthma, and they also claim that there is some natural therapies that may help to manage symptoms of asthma. Weather your asthma is completely manageable and only shows up from time to time, or if you only have to†¦ Asthma Introduction In today's society children are faced with many problems in their day to day life. However, there is one disorder that affects many children and can be potentially fatal if not caught and treated correctly. This disorder is call asthma. The National Center for Biotechnology Information defines asthma as, "Asthma is a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightening, and coughing." Asthma mostly effects†¦ Asthma is characterized by the pathological changes in the submucosal glands, the increase of smooth muscle composition and hardening of the lamina reticularis; due to the recurrent inflammation and overproduction of mucus in the airways (Holgate & Sly, 2014). The inflammatory response is highly associated with the clinical symptoms of wheezing, coughing, short of breath and chest tightness (Cosio, Rosado & Rossi, 2012). The objectives of this essay is to discuss the pathophysiology of asthma, outline†¦ Asthma for Life The person I interviewed was my 16 year grandson D. Bass. Mr. Bass lives in a small rural community about twenty minutes away from me. He has had asthma his entire life. This interview took place at my house, he drove over on a Sunday afternoon to visit and I conducted the interview. I spent about an hour asking him questions, then did a brief physical assessment on him. He is a typical adolescent teenager and had to hurry out had somewhere to go. Questionnaire I first completed†¦ indigenous boy, who has asthma since he was two. He shows up in the hospital and complains about shortness of breath. Steven stays with his mother and 6 siblings in a remote town in rural Australia. Based on Steven’s situation, this essay will discuss about the pathophysiology about asthma, and then evaluate the nurse’s role of providing the nursing care for both Steven and his family. Harver and Kotses (2010) define asthma as the chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. Asthma is a respiratory condition†¦

Letter to Viktor Frankl Based On Novel A Man's Search for Meaning Essay

Letter to Viktor Frankl Based On Novel A Man's Search for Meaning - Essay Example I feel moved to write you because of the revelations you have given regarding the Jewish suffering in Vienna among other parts of the globe. You have also used the book to help your readers adopt new perspectives and techniques for finding new meaning in life more so if they relate to your predicaments. One of the occurrences that catch my attention is the decision to remain in Austria rather than leave for America in 1941. I agree with your decision to stay despite the imminent sabotages from the Nazis. The movement was apparent danger to your life and the mentally ill patients whom you saved by opposing euthanasia and giving false diagnoses. However, what impressed me most is the unconditional love for your old parents. I suppose you were the only source of security and deserting them could have led to their deaths (Frankl, 2006). Heavens returned the favor, and you got married to Tilly Grosser in the same year. In addition, allow me to address three principal aspects that surprised and impressed me in equal measure as I read your life changing accounts. Three Major Aspects from Your Book Your determination to survive during the Nazi reign was impressive. Who would have resolved to remain in Austria after their private practice had been terminated? Having a Jewish designation and the consistent extermination of your patients might have cause you unimaginable suffering.